What does "SOG" stand for in a maritime context?

In a maritime context, "SOG" stands for Speed Over Ground. This term describes the actual speed at which a vessel is moving over the water's surface relative to the ground. It takes into account the effects of current, wind, and any other factors that could influence the vessel's movement.

Understanding SOG is crucial for navigation and operational planning, as it provides a more accurate picture of a vessel's progress over the course of a journey than simply speed through the water, which can be affected by lateral forces. For example, if a current is pushing a vessel downriver while it is also moving upstream, the speed through the water might indicate a slower speed, while the speed over ground will show the actual speed toward a destination.

The other terms presented do not have established meanings in the maritime context related to operational speed and navigation.