What are the two primary forces that affect the stability of a vessel?

The two primary forces that affect the stability of a vessel are gravity and buoyancy. Gravity acts downward, pulling the vessel and its contents towards the center of the Earth, creating a force that impacts how the vessel remains upright in the water. On the other hand, buoyancy is the upward force exerted by the water, which counteracts gravity. This upward force is a result of the water displaced by the vessel and is critical for keeping the vessel afloat.

A vessel's stability is determined by the balance between these two forces. When buoyancy is greater than gravity, the vessel rises; when gravity is greater, it tends to capsize. The design and loading of the vessel influence how these forces interact, and understanding their relationship helps in maintaining the vessel's stability during operations, especially in challenging conditions. Thus, recognizing the interplay between gravity and buoyancy is essential for safe and effective vessel operation.